In the previous pages of this lesson, you have seen that violence has
become a major issue in contemporary urban societies.
It has been shown how violence is linked to poverty in both discourse
and policies and how this association leads to the stigmatisation of
poor people.
One of the responses of the state has been criminalisation or even more
violent retaliation, neither of which has proved to be an adequate
response.
Another response to violence can be seen in attempts to secure urban
space through planning measures.
