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Concept - Didactics

The GLOPP lessons/blocks follow Gagné's ‘Nine Steps of Instruction'.

1. Gain Attention:
   Present a problem or a new situation. Use an "interest device" that grabs the learner's attention. This can be thought of as a "teaser" (the short segment shown in a TV show right before the opening credits that is designed to keep you watching and listening). The ideal is to grab the learners' attention so that they will watch and listen, while you present the learning point. You can use such devices as:
• Storytelling
• Demonstrations
• Presenting a problem to be solved
• Doing something the wrong way (the instruction would then show how to do it the right way)
• Why it is important
2. Learning Objectives and Metodology:
   Inform learner of Objective: This allows the learner's to organize their thoughts and around what they are about to see, hear, and/or do. There is a saying in the training filed to 1) tell them what you're going to tell them, 2) tell them, and 3) tell them what you told them. This cues them and then provides a review which has proven to be effective. e.g. describe the goal of a lesson, state what the learners will be able to accomplish and how they will be able to use the knowledge.
3. Recall:
   Stimulate recall of prior knowledge: This allows the learners to build on their previous knowledge or skills. Although we are capable of having our "creative" minutes, it is much easier to build on what we already know. e.g. remind the learners of prior knowledge relevant to the current lesson, provide the learners with a framework that helps learning and remembering.
4. Present:
   Present the material: Chunk the information to avoid memory overload. Blend the information to aid in information recall. This is directly related to Skinner's "sequenced learning events." This allows learners to receive feedback on individualized tasks, thereby correcting isolated problems rather than having little idea of where the root of the learning challenge lies. Bloom's Taxonomy and Learning Strategies can be used to help sequence the lesson by helping you chunk them into levels of difficulty.
5. Guide:
   Provide guidance for learning: This is not the presentation of content, but are instructions on how to learn. This is normally simpler and easier than the subject matter or content. It uses a different channel or media to avoid mixing it with the subject matter. The rate of learning increases because learners are less likely to lose time or become frustrated by basing performance on incorrect facts or poorly understood concepts.
6. Practice:
   Elicit performance: Practice by letting the learner do something with the newly acquired behavior, skills, or knowledge.
7. Feedback:
   Provide feedback: Show correctness of the learner's response, analyze learner's behavior. This can be a test, quiz, or verbal comments. The feedback needs to be specific, not, "you are doing a good job". Tell them "why" they are doing a good job or provide specific guidance.
8. Self Test:
   Assess performance: Test to determine if the lesson has been learned. Can also give general progress information.
9. Transfer:
   Enhance retention and transfer: Inform the learner about similar problem situations, provide additional practice, put the learner in a transfer situation, review the lesson.